天文学Astronomy 15NH3 in the atmosphere of a cool brown dwarf 一颗低温褐矮星年夜气中的15NH33 ▲ 作者：David Barrado, Paul Molli re et al. ▲ 链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06813-y ▲ 择要： 于此，咱们陈诉了JWST中红外仪器对于有用温度为380 K的冷褐矮星年夜气中14NH3以及15NH3同位素异构体的中红外探测成果。 正如预期所想，咱们的成果展现了14N/15N的值与引力坍缩造成类星的历程一致，注解这个比率可以切确测定。由于年青的恒星以及它们的行星凡是含有更多的15N同位素，咱们估计将于更多低温、宽间隔的系生手星上探测到15NH3。 ▲ Abstract： Here we report on the mid-infrared detection of the 14NH3 and 15NH3 isotopologues in the atmosphere of a cool brown dwarf with an effective temperature of 380 K in a spectrum taken with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of JWST. As expected, our results reveal a 14N/15N value consistent with star-like formation by gravitational collapse, demonstrating that this ratio can be accurately constrained. Because young stars and their planets should be more strongly enriched in the 15N isotope, we expect that 15NH3 will be detectable in several cold, wide-separation exoplanets. 物理学Physics Reconfigurable moir nanolaser arrays with phase synchronization 具备相位同步的可重构莫尔纳米激光器阵列 ▲ 作者：Hong-Yi Luan, Yun-Hao Ouyang et al. ▲ 链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06789-9 ▲ 择要： 于此，咱们提出并展示了基在扭曲光子石墨烯晶格中的光学平带的莫尔纳米激光器阵列，可以实现从单个纳米腔到可重构纳米腔阵列的相关纳米化。咱们不雅察到同步纳米激光阵列于一系列差别的图案上体现出高度的空间以及光谱相关性，包孕P形、K形以及U形，和汉字 中国 以及 中国 。 此外，咱们得到了以空间变迁的相对于相位发射的纳米激光器阵列，使咱们可以或许把持发射标的目的。咱们的事情为可重构有源器件的开发奠基了根蒂根基，这些器件于通讯、激光雷达（光探测以及测距）、光学计较以及成像方面具备运用潜力。 ▲ Abstract： Here we propose and demonstrate moir nanolaser arrays based on optical flatbands in twisted photonic graphene lattices, in which coherent nanolasing is realized from a single nanocavity to reconfigurable arrays of nanocavities. We observe synchronized nanolaser arrays exhibiting high spatial and spectral coherence, across a range of distinct patterns, including P, K and U shapes and the Chinese characters 中 and 国 ( China in Chinese). Moreover, we obtain nanolaser arrays that emit with spatially varying relative phases, allowing us to manipulate emission directions. Our work lays the foundation for the development of reconfigurable active devices that have potential applications in co妹妹unication, LiDAR (light detection and ranging), optical computing and imaging. 质料科学Materials Science Multiscale stress deconcentration amplifies fatigue resistance of rubber 多标准应力分离加强了橡胶的抗疲惫机能 ▲ 作者：Jason Steck, Junsoo Kim et al. ▲ 链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06782-2 ▲ 择要： 于此，咱们经由过程多标准应力分离放年夜了颗粒加强橡胶的疲惫阈值。咱们合成为了一种高度纠缠的长聚合物与刚性颗粒慎密联合的橡胶。于裂纹尖端，应力分离于两个长度标准上：起首经由过程聚合物，然后经由过程颗粒。这类橡胶的疲惫阈值约为1000 J m-2。 由这类橡胶制成的支架以及夹具蒙受高载荷威力，于反复操作中还能抵挡裂纹增加。多标准应力集中扩大了质料机能的空间，为削减聚合物污染以及制作高机能软机械打开了新思绪。 ▲ Abstract： Here we amplify the fatigue threshold of particle-reinforced rubbers by multiscale stress deconcentration. We synthesize a rubber in which highly entangled long polymers strongly adhere with rigid particles. At a crack tip, stress deconcentrates across two length scales: first through polymers and then through particles. This rubber achieves a fatigue threshold of approximately 1,000 J m-2. Mounts and grippers made of this rubber bear high loads and resist crack growth over repeated operation. Multiscale stress deconcentration expands the space of materials properties, opening doors to curtailing polymer pollution and building high-performance soft machines. 天气科学Climate Science Spread in climate policy scenarios unravelled 展现天气政策情景的散布 ▲ 作者：Mark M. Dekker, Andries F. Hof et al. ▲ 链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06738-6 ▲ 择要： 对于天气政策情景中的散布周全归因有助在决议计划者、好处相干者以及科学家应答该范畴的伟大不确定性。于此，咱们使用Sobol分化将这类漫衍归因在底层驱动要素，从而患上出每一个驱动要素对于场景成果的主要性。 正如预期的那样，天气方针注释了温室气体排放、化石燃料总量以及地域使用环境、可再生能源总量和发电中碳捕捉以及贮存总量的年夜部门漫衍环境。出乎预料的是，模式差异致使了年夜大都其他情景成果的变迁，例如，于个体可再生能源、碳捕捉以及贮存技能和需求地域的能源环境，反应了持久成长以及可能的和缓计谋规模的内涵不确定性。 只要少数情景成果 如氢气的使用 是由其他情景假定驱动的，这反应出咱们需要更多的情景区别。 ▲ Abstract： A comprehensive attribution of the spread in climate policy scenarios helps policymakers, stakeholders and scientists to cope with large uncertainties in this field. Here we attribute this spread to the underlying drivers using Sobol decomposition, yielding the importance of each driver for scenario outcomes. As expected, the climate target explains most of the spread in greenhouse gas emissions, total and sectoral fossil fuel use, total renewable energy and total carbon capture and storage in electricity generation. Unexpectedly, model differences drive variation of most other scenario outcomes, for example, in individual renewable and carbon capture and storage technologies, and energy in demand sectors, reflecting intrinsic uncertainties about long-term developments and the range of possible mitigation strategies. Only a few scenario outcomes, such as hydrogen use, are driven by other scenario assumptions, reflecting the need for more scenario differentiation. 生物学Biology The molecular cytoarchitecture of the adult mouse brain 成年小鼠年夜脑的份子细胞布局 ▲ 作者：Jonah Langlieb, Nina S. Sachdev et al. ▲ 链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06818-7 ▲ 择要： 为了构建每一个年夜脑布局中细胞类型的综合图谱，咱们将高通量单核RNA测序与Slide-seq 一种近来开发的具备近细胞分辩率的空间转录组学要领 于整个小鼠年夜脑中配对于。这些数据集的整合展现了每一个神经剖解布局的细胞类型构成。 咱们发明中脑、后脑以及下丘脑的细胞类型多样性很是高，年夜大都集群需要至少三个离散的基因表达标志的组合才气界说。哄骗这些数据，咱们开发了一个以遗传体式格局拜候每一种细胞类型的框架，周全描写了神经肽以及神经递质旌旗灯号，阐了然勾当调治基因表达的区域特同性，同时确定了神经以及精力表型的遗传性富集。 这些数据可以于线使用，于神经科学范畴具备找到差别的运用潜力，包孕构建新遗传东西以及研究年夜脑疾病中特定细胞类型以及电路的优先级。 ▲ Abstract： To construct a comprehensive atlas of cell types in each brain structure, we paired high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing with Slide-seq a recently developed spatial transcriptomics method with near-cellular resolution across the entire mouse brain. Integration of these datasets revealed the cell type composition of each neuroanatomical structure. Cell type diversity was found to be remarkably high in the midbrain, hindbrain and hypothalamus, with most clusters requiring a combination of at least three discrete gene expression markers to uniq����APPuely define them. Using these data, we developed a framework for genetically accessing each cell type, comprehensively characterized neuropeptide and neurotransmitter signalling, elucidated region-specific specializations in activity-regulated gene expression and ascertained the heritability enrichment of neurological and psychiatric phenotypes. These data, available as an online resource, should find diverse applications across neuroscience, including the construction of new genetic tools and the prioritization of specific cell types and circuits in the study of brain diseases. A novel antidiuretic hormone governs tumour-induced renal dysfunction 一种可以节制肿瘤惹起肾功效障碍的新抗利尿激素 ▲ 作者：Wenhao Xu, Gerui Li et al. ▲ 链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06833-8 ▲ 择要： 于此，经由过程使用果蝇的守旧肿瘤模子，咱们将离子运输肽亚型F（ITPF）鉴定为一种果蝇抗利尿激素，由yki3SA肠道肿瘤细胞亚群排泄，侵害肾功效并致使严峻的腹部腹胀以及液体储蓄积累。 从机理上，肿瘤来历的ITPF靶向马氏管（相称在肾小管的分泌器官）星状细胞中的G卵白偶联受体TkR99D，激活一氧化氮合酶 GMP旌旗灯号，按捺液体分泌。咱们进一步展现了哺乳植物神经激肽3受体（NK3R）的抗利尿功效，该受体是苍蝇TkR99D的同源物，经由过程药物阻断NK3R可有用减缓差别恶性肿瘤小鼠的肾小管功效障碍。 综上，咱们的研究成果证实了一种新的抗利尿路子介导跨物种的肿瘤 肾脏交流，为癌症相干肾功效障碍的医治提供了医治可能。 ▲ Abstract： Here, using conserved tumour models in Drosophila melanogaster, we characterized isoform F of ion transport peptide (ITPF) as a fly antidiuretic hormone that is secreted by a subset of yki3SA gut tumour cells, impairs renal function and causes severe abdomen bloating and fluid accumulation. Mechanistically, tumour-derived ITPF targets the G-protein-coupled receptor TkR99D in stellate cells of Malpighian tubules an excretory organ that is equivalent to renal tubules to activate nitric oxide synthase cGMP signalling and inhibit fluid excretion. We further uncovered antidiuretic functions of ma妹妹alian neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R), the homologue of fly TkR99D, as pharmaceutical blockade of NK3R efficiently alleviates renal tubular dysfunction in mice bearing different malignant tumours. Together, our results demonstrate a novel antidiuretic pathway mediating tumour renal crosstalk across species and offer therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of cancer-associated renal dysfunction.出格声明：本文转载仅仅是出在流传信息的需要，其实不象征着代表本消息网不雅点或者证明其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、消息网或者小我私家从本消息网转载使用，须保留本消息网注明的“来历”，并自大版权等法令义务；作者假如不但愿被转载或者者接洽转载稿费等事宜，请与咱们联系。/乐鱼
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